Keywords

Lost in Translation. Found in Hebrew.

A lot of what gets argued about in Scripture comes down to one problem: translation flattened the word and the tradition built on the flattened version. Words like שָׁלוֹם (shalom), חֶסֶד (chesed), and תְּשׁוּבָה (teshuvah) carry covenant weight their English counterparts don't. "Peace." "Mercy." "Repentance." Accurate enough to pass. Not accurate enough to understand what the text is actually doing.

The New Testament is particularly vulnerable. Written in Greek by Jewish writers whose categories were entirely Hebrew. Read the Greek alone and you get part of the picture. Bring the Hebrew back and the whole frame shifts.

That's why this page exists.— Sergio

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Abba

my Father, intimate adult address

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Adamah

ground, soil, earth

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Adon

lord, master, owner

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Agapaō

to love with self-giving covenantal love, to esteem highly, to value

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Ahavah

love as covenantal action and obligation

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Alah

to go up, ascend, come up

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Anakrinō

to examine, to cross-examine, to sift under questioning

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Anamnesis

remembrance, memorial

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Anavah

humility, lowliness

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anomia

lawlessness; without law; without Torah

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Aqov

crooked, deceitful, heel-grabbing

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autonomos

self-law; governed by one's own law; the root of "autonomy"

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Av

father, origin, covenant founder

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Avinu

our Father (corporate covenant address to YHWH)

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Ayyekah

where are you?

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Baptizo

to plunge, submerge, immerse until covered

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Barukh

blessed; from barakh, to bless, to kneel

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Basar Echad

one flesh, composite unity

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Bat Kol

voice from heaven; daughter of the voice

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Beit Midrash

house of inquiry, house of study

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Besorah

good news, glad tidings, a king's victory announcement

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Binah

discernment, understanding

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Binyan Av

building from the father-text; the first-occurrence principle

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Bitachon

trust, reliance, confidence, security

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Bnei Adam

sons of Adam, the human family

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B'rakhah

blessing; a blessing spoken to God for His gift

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Brit

covenant, binding agreement

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Brit Chadashah

new covenant, renewed covenant

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b'tselem Elohim

in the image of God

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Chadash

new, renewed, restored

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Chadashah

new, renewed (feminine of chadash)

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Chag HaMatzot

Feast of Unleavened Bread

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Chalom

dream

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Charut

engraved, incised (of the tablets); a hapax legomenon

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chatat

sin / sin offering / purification offering

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Chen

grace, favor, charm

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Chesed

covenant lovingkindness, covenant loyalty

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Chet

sin, missing the mark, going off target

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Chidot

riddles, dark sayings

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Chodesh

new moon; month

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Chrisma

the anointing, the ointment

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Chuqqim

statutes, decrees, engraved laws

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Da'at

knowledge, relational knowing

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Dabbara

leader, the one who drives the flock

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Dam HaBrit

the blood of the covenant

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Daqar

to pierce, thrust through

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Darash

to seek, inquire, study

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Davaq

to cling, to hold fast, to fuse

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Davar

word, thing, event, matter

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Desposyni

those belonging to the Master

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Diakrinō

to weigh, to distinguish, to judge between

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Dialegomai

to reason back and forth, to argue in both directions

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Diathēkē

covenant, a binding disposition set by one party

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Ebyonim

the poor ones, the dependent

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Echad

one, unified, composite unity

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Edah

congregation; an assembly gathered by appointment around a shared purpose

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Edut

testimony, witness, solemn attestation

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Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh

I will be what I will be

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Ekklēsia

Called-out assembly, summoned gathering

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Emporion

a house of trade, a market

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Emunah

faithfulness, reliability, steadfastness

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Erev Rav

mixed multitude

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ergon tou nomou

the work of the law (singular ethical effect)

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Esh

fire

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Eshet B'ritekha

the wife of your covenant

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Esoptron

mirror

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Euangelion

good news, a victory announcement, an imperial proclamation

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exagorazō

to buy out / redeem / purchase a slave's release

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Ezer Kenegdo

a strength corresponding to him, a rescue-counterpart

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Gazar

to cut, sever, divide; to decree

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Gehinnom

Valley of Hinnom, Gehenna

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Ginosko

to know by acquaintance, to know a person

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Goyim

nations, peoples, gentiles

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Ha-Derech (the Way)

the Way; the road, the path

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Hagiazō

to set apart, to consecrate, to make holy, to devote

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Hakhel

assemble! — the command to gather everyone to hear Torah directly

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Halakh

to walk, to go, to live a life

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Halal

to praise, to boast, to celebrate loudly; to shine

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hamartia

sin / sin offering

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Hat Libi

incline my heart, bend my heart toward

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hilasmos

means of atonement / place of purification

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hilastērion

mercy seat / place of atonement

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Hineni

here I am, behold me

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Hypakouō

to obey, to listen-under, to comply

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Hypotassō

to align under, to take one's ordered place, to support, to stand alongside

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Imrah

saying, spoken word, utterance, promise

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Ka'as

vexation, hot anger

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kabash

to subdue, to bring under order, to make serviceable

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Kadosh

set-apart, distinguished, holy

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Kapparah

Atonement / Covering

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kapporet

mercy seat / covering of the Ark

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Karaite

Scripturalists, Jews who hold the Tanakh as sole controlling authority over later rabbinic tradition

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Karat

to cut; to cut off; the verb of covenant-cutting and of excision

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Karat Brit

to cut a covenant

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Kathēgētēs

guide, the one who leads the way

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Kavod

glory as weight, substance, heaviness

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Kedushah

set-apartness, holiness, sanctification

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Kenōsis

self-emptying, pouring out, the voluntary laying down of standing

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Kephale

head, source, origin

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Kiyyem

to uphold, establish, cause to stand

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